Knits are very durable because of the way there were made. These knit types are made from different fibers. Then there is spandex itself as it is considered to be a very durable material. It too comes with several subcategories but those additional materials are all blends.
The blends can be with cotton, polyester, satin, velvet, nylon, and rayon. Stretch denim is placed here as well as are poplin, fake leather, vinyl, and other fibers. Then rubber or latex is seen as a durable stretch material but there are several drawbacks to using this option in clothing.
Finally, you can go to neoprene if you want a durable stretch material for certain clothing items but it too is not for everyday use. When you look at the chart above, you will notice one aspect almost all of them have in common. They are all good for making the same clothing items and dresses usually head the list. Stretch denim is good if you want a western look but any of the kinds of cotton are great for this project. Then if you need something formal or sophisticated, you can try the stretch silk or chiffon options.
When you want to be warm, you might consider using stretch wool material or stretch velvet. The good thing about having all these options is that you will have plenty of patterns, colors, and designs to work with. The flexibility potential is enormous. Then you can add a little stretch lace to make the dress' look even more fabulous.
You have a lot of freedom in this category to make a great-looking dress that will work for any season of the year. Your selection options may not be as great in this category as thick fabrics are not always easy to make stretchable. The weight and texture of the fibers would make all the difference. Some of the fabrics we already mentioned would go here as well. One example would be stretch denim. To find heavyweight stretch fabrics you would have to check the label to see what fibers have been blended in.
Velvet, faux leather, and other heavy-weight materials blended with spandex, lycra, or elastane would qualify as well. Most heavy-weight fabrics are not stretchable and if they are they will have limits on that stretch. Check your fabric stores to see what is available when you want to work with these materials. This category will provide you with a lot more choice than the previous one as many medium to lightweight fabrics are very soft to the touch, even when made into stretch materials.
Plus, you can include some heavier-weight fabrics, like stretch denim, into the list. Jersey knits can be very soft as can wool when it is made from the right wool fibers.
Next up would be silk and with this material, you get the elegance and sophistication that only silk can bring to a wardrobe. On top of those options, you can look to the mixed fabrics, rayon, and viscose to provide the softness you are looking for.
Polyester may have an artificial feel but that texture can also be very soft. Under the polyester label, you may find other fabrics that can be nice and soft as well. Again, if you look at the chart above, you will find some great options for stretch fabrics that will work with pants. Not to repeat ourselves but stretch denim is a very good option especially if you want those pants to be extra form-fitting. But in this case, you may need to look for those materials or already made pants that are blended with stretch fibers.
For different sportswear pants, nylon, spandex, and other stretchable material would be best. Your choice of fabric will depend on the purpose of those pants, notice we are avoiding mentioning the different holiday seasons with expanded menus , as different activities need different types of stretch as well as different amounts of stretch.
Silk and wool can be good for suit pants as can other top formal-looking stretch fabrics can. Price should also be a consideration as some materials may cost more per yard than others. This is a category that would have to be restricted to general fabric categories simply because the subcategories may be too numerous to list here. The cotton general category has more than a few good options and it will depend on how you want to look and feel when you are inside those materials which one you will select.
Polyester is the same way as it can be spun into several weight levels and feel good when you put the garments on. Many knits come in both fibers which would provide you with both a lightweight as well as plenty of stretch for most activities. Rayon and viscose may be your two best lightweight candidates from the in-between fabric category.
They are very sheer at times and can be blended with stretch fibers to give them a little better drape as well as movement. Silks are also good as is chiffon when they are blended with stretch fibers as well. We will leave commercial and industrial uses out of this discussion as those materials are rarely turned into any household or daily fashion wear.
This makes the thick, stiff fabric much more wearable. That said, this fabric costs a lot to produce, even when made from synthetic material. For this reason, this kind of stretch fabric is mostly used for business or formal wear. Modern dresses, though, typically use velvet that adds just a touch of spandex into its fibers. The spandex makes this already flexible fabric even more elastic. Most stretch velvet today is made from polyester and spandex. The complex weaving process creates two layers of fabric sandwiched together.
When the top and bottom layers of the fabric sandwich are sliced apart, the thick, soft pile of velvet remains on the surface of each piece of fabric! Velvet has a luxurious style that lends itself well to formal wear. You also see trendy bohemian velvet jackets and fun velvet pants become stylish quite often!
Suits and dress pants sometimes feature this unique fabric. Stretch fabric has led consumers to expect clothes that comfortably fit them. Even traditionally stiff clothes like professional clothes may start to use more elastic fibers and get more comfortable! Most jersey knit contains cotton or polyester these days.
But wool gets its own subcategory as a popular stretch fabric used in sweaters and cardigans. As a fun fact, the first jersey knit fabric was all made from wool! The development of machines that could create knit fabric led to the widespread popularity of wool jersey.
Eventually, this launched the craze for jersey cotton tees as well! Today, cheap, synthetic acrylic makes more sweaters than costly wool. Despite that, wool jersey remains popular for high-end suiting and classy sweaters. Spandex also known as Lycra or elastane wins the most stretchy fabric award without question. This material contains pure elastomers. You can think of these as tiny bits of elastic!
You can measure the stretch percentage of any kind of elastic material in this way. Place a piece of fabric alongside a ruler. Gently stretch the material until it does not have any more easy give in it. Note the point on the ruler where your hand stopped. That measurement gives you the stretch percentage. To calculate this percentage, simply divide the width of your fabric when stretched by the width when unstretched. Most plain-weave or satin-weave material does not expand vertically or horizontally.
That said, almost any material will stretch on the diagonal. Percale or plain weave cotton, for example, has hardly any give in it. Think of your bedsheets—they spread out smooth, flat, and unstretched across your bed! Many synthetic fibers likewise do not have any give in an individual thread.
When you weave those threads into a piece of cloth, though, the cloth might gain some elasticity. This depends on whether or not you weave or knit the threads together.
That said, to find a material with absolutely no give in it, you would need a sheet of flexible acrylic plastic or something of that nature. Most types of fabric can expand and recoil, at least in an incremental amount. Jersey knit makes loose, comfy summer dresses. Stretch chiffon or lace can add a touch of elegance to a more casual outfit. Of course, you also want to consider the weather.
Stretch wool and velvet feel quite warm, while chiffon has a light, airy quality that makes it best suited to the summer months. For athletic wear, you will find that synthetic fabrics like stretch nylon work well. Many synthetic fibers can suck moisture away from your skin and transport it to the outside of the material, where it can evaporate into the air.
For a cuter, everyday look, you can go with a fun, printed jersey knit. Jersey knits have a lot of elasticity because of the interlocking loops in their material, so these headbands can easily fit the shape of your head. Some rare types of upholstery fabric contain elastane fibers to help the fabric expand to cover oddly shaped furniture. Most upholstery uses cut-out shapes of fabric sewn into a 3D covering to create the padded surface of a chair or sofa. However, stretchable upholstery material makes upholstering very curvy or oddly shaped pieces much easier.
You can buy this material by the yard from online sellers or specialty stores like Mood Fabrics. You will need to follow a few special steps, such as stretching it out and using weights to hold it in place as you cut out the pieces. The stretchable fabric gives us clothes like leggings, skinny jeans, and fitted dresses!
Stretch fabrics often contain elastic fibers such as spandex to give them a 4-way stretch capability. These kinds of materials include stretch lace and denim. Other kinds of material have a mechanical stretch created by the interlocking loops of threads in the cloth.
As you suggested, the amount of stretch is completely determined by the length and alignment of the the least stretchy fibers in the weave or the knit.
Instead, stretchiness is increased by making the least-stretchy fibers longer and distributing the extra length in some geometry that allows them to be pulled straighter when tension is applied in the direction of interest. The ability to distribute extra fiber using many different geometries is one of the primary contributions of knitted structures compared to woven ones. There are two reasons why high-stretch fabrics contain added elastic material.
The most important purpose is to improve the recovery of the fabric when the tension is released. The same knitted or woven fabric without the elastomer would stretch just as much, but would be baggy and would recover very slowly, or may not recover until processed in some way washing, steaming, ironing.
Adding elastomer in the right amounts and the right places allows that same fabric to spring back immediately. The second way in which elastomers improve stretchable fabrics is by adding resistance to stretch.
Where a stretchable fabric without elastomers may be stretched with very little force, adding elastomers increases the amount of tension required to stretch the fabric. This allows the fabric to retain its shape and structure until a designed-in amount of tension is applied.
It depends largely on the weave of the material and its components. For example, you could add a small amount of stretchy material to these high performance sailing lines and it wouldn't change much because the non-stretchy components are still tightly bound together and dominate the structural characteristics.
Similarly, you can take a very stiff material like fiberglass cloth and stretch it in some directions -- you can stretch this stuff quite a bit if you grab it at the corners and pull since it just moves individual strands with respect to each other. However if you grab at the sides and pull, parallel to the strands, it doesn't stretch at all.
You can make a fabric that stretches in any direction out of non-stretchy materials by weaving it in such a way that the non-stretchy components are somewhat "curly" and don't like in exactly a straight line. The woven material is then stretchy because the stiff fibers can straighten out when the material is pulled on. This can be done mostly in the design of the fabric -- a knit is much better than a weave for this. For example this microscope image shows a knit fabric pattern that could probably stretch a lot, whereas this one probably can't stretch much at all.
Cotton thread doesn't stretch much at all, but a cotton T-shirt made from a knit fabric can stretch a lot. A small portion of a stretchy material to hold the non-stretchy fibers in place helps a lot too and opens up new possibilities for holding the non-stretchy fibers in place.
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