The baluster design used for architectural ornamentation is widely considered to have begun by Renaissance architects. One of the favorite architects of the wealthy patron Lorenzo de' Medici was Giuliano da Sangallo Completed c. The pediment held aloft by the thin Ionic columns makes this architecture a true renaissance or rebirth of the Classical styles once found in ancient Greece. The iron railings are probably from a different era. The double staircase was a Renaissance-era expression of symmetry, as the horizontal stone balustrade was a new idea in architecture.
How similar it to the horizontal railing systems found along balconies today. The double or twin staircases to the Palazzo Senatorio in Rome, Italy c. A closer look and you can see the difficult geometry of decorative balustrades.
Michelangelo designed these stairs and many of the other grand stairways leading to the Piazza del Campidoglio. Symmetry is achieved adjusting the square tops and base of the balusters, leaving the monumental stairways decorated with perfect stone balustrades.
Built atop ancient Roman ruins, this Renaissance architecture signals the rebirth of Greek and Roman architectural traditions. The celebration of Greek and Roman civilization is evident in the finishing design for Villa Farnese by Italian Renaissance architect Giacomo da Vignola The twin stairways found on the facade of the villa is imitated by the double semicircular balustrades along the open gallery of this courtyard.
With Roman arches and pilasters, Vignola was practicing what he was preaching. Vignola is best known today as the author of the "specs" to Greek and Roman architecture. In part, Vignola's book was a road map for much of the Renaissance architecture of the s and s.
Again, is the "open floor plan" of today's American home, with interior balconies protected with balustrades, so different from this villa in Caprarola, Italy? Renaissance-era stone balusters had as many shape variations as do the wooden spindle balusters and posts that frequent our own homes. Architect and artist Bernardo Buontalenti , like Michelangelo, blended art and architecture by creating a folding softness to a marble stairway and a sense of fragility to the stone balusters he designed for the church of Santa Trinita in Florence, Italy, c.
Country houses like the Villa Della Porta Bozzolo in northern Italy could turn a modest 16th century mansion into an elaborate estate just by adding an Italian Renaissance garden.
Landscapes were often multi-level, designed with symmetry, and hardscaping that included balustrades to outline the terracing. Garden balustrades, often accentuated with Classical objects such as Grecian urns, became popular in the country homes of wealthy Brits and the US elites.
Chiswick House, built near London, England from to , was specifically designed to imitate the architecture of Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio. While Europe was into the Renaissance, the New World was being discovered and settled. Skip ahead a few hundred years from the Italian Renaissance, and across the ocean a new country of unified states had formed. But the architects of Europe had made a lasting impression.
Thomas Jefferson was so impressed with the Renaissance architecture he saw throughout Europe that he brought the Classical ideas back home with him. While serving as Minister to France from until , Jefferson studied French and Roman architecture.. He had begun his own country estate, Monticello, before he lived in France, but the design of Monticello was reborn when he returned to his home in Virginia. Monticello is now considered a fine example of Neoclassical architecture, with the pediment, the columns, and the balustrades.
Note the evolution of Classicism, however. This time period is not the Renaissance anymore. The worldly Jefferson has introduced a new baluster between the rails, one that is more reminiscent of Roman lattice and Chinese patterns. Some call the pattern Chinese Chippendale after the British furniture maker Thomas Chippendale Jefferson did it all — balusters at one level and lattice designs on another. This was the new look of America. A balustrade can also be known as railing, rail, banister, handrail and parapet.
What are railing posts called? A term for the vertical posts that hold up the handrail. Sometimes simply called guards or spindles. Treads often require two balusters. What are the vertical pieces of a railing called? The smaller vertical pieces in the balustrade that help support the handrail — also called spindles, pickets or uprights. How do you attach spindles? Install the Treads. Fill Screw Holes. Cut Railing to Length.
How much does it cost to replace a banister? What is the space between balusters? Balusters are the vertical guards that support the handrail. They must be installed close enough that the space between them is less than 4 inches. Most city inspectors carry a 4-inch ball with them to test the spacing.
Installed balusters should withstand 50 pounds of pressure exerted over a 1-sq. How many spindles do I need? Rule Of Thumb: Allow 2 spindles per tread and 1 per tread where there is a newel on a landing. The word comes from the French word balustre; from the Italian word balaustro and balaustra, wild pomegranate flower; from Latin balaustium from Greek balaustion; from its shape. The shape of a baluster usually blends with the architectural style of a house or outdoor building and can range from plain and smooth to something that is highly ornamental.
Balusters and balustrades first appeared between the 13th and 7th centuries BC and can be found in ancient bas-reliefs, sculptural murals depicting Assyrian palaces. The architecture of early and dynastic China is significant for its structural purposes: Paint was applied to prevent the wood from decaying; roofs featured prominent overhangs to protect the building from rain, and terraces were built to support the rest of the building. The terraces of these Chinese buildings featured balustrades, and by the 10th century, both marble and wooden balustrades could be found in private gardens.
Others featured pomegranates and lotus flowers, which could also be found in the gardens. From the Renaissance period onward, classical stone balustrades were popular, and feature balusters that were short stems with an abacus square slab , a base, and either one or two bulbs with rings, along with concave cavetto and convex ovolo moldings in between. While balustrades aren't exactly the focal point of a garden structure or building, many fine examples of these architectural features exist.
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